There are different variants of Linux in the market like RedHat, Debian, CentOS, Ubuntu, Mandrake, Suse and a Linux beginner often ponder why they call Linux distributions by various names. The kernel or the heart of all the distributions is Linux and in bringing it to different market usage different community or vendors have adopted the kernel to serve that purpose. (more…)

In the first article on Asterisk, we have seen the Asterisk installation steps and on the environment setup. In this article, we have give the configuration settings for two files iax.conf and extensions.conf which will be used to direct/receive calls from/to iax2 soft clients (more…)

This will be a simple step by step tutorial to help beginners catch up with ASTERISK - an open source tool for voice communication. It is a software installation of PBX connecting even the PSTN and VOIP networks. Originally developed for Linux, Asterisk now runs on a variety of operating systems including Solaris, Windows and MacOS. Environment setup (more…)

To display messages from the log $ cat /var/log/messages | more To show users who are logged in to the system $ who To show the list of users who have logged in last $ last To show the list of all reboots $ last reboot To print the content of the last login log from /var/log/lastlog $ lastlog

Run the below command to check what user and group apache is running as, by typing $ ps auwfx | grep apache2 root 28937 0.0 0.1 3004 756 pts/0 S+ 12:35 0:00 | \_ grep apache2 root 25235 0.0 2.5 37744 12992 ? Ss Mar18 0:06 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 27102 0.0 1.3 38252 6972 ? S Mar21 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start (more…)

When setting up a workstation to connect to internet, you may come across a message Determining IP information for eth0... failed The above error message basically means that eth0 i.e your network interface card is not setup correctly. Some of the commands that can come handy in troubleshooting where the error lies are listed below $ dmesg | grep eth0 (displays information about the ethernet controller card, mac address etc.) $ cat /etc/sysconfig/network(displays the network settings) NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain GATEWAY=192.168.122.1 $ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfp-eth0 $ ifconfig eth0 down (to down the nic) $ ifconfig eth0 up (to start the nic) $ netstat -rn (display kernel routing IP table) $ cat ifcfg-eth0 (eth0 configuration settings) DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp HWADDR=00:16:18:33:B3:CF ONBOOT=yes $ service network restart (restart the network settings) $ ping -c4 google.ca(to check if the internet connection works) $ traceroute google.ca (to check how the IP navigation path is set) Refer Red Hat linux 5 configure network article for additional info