$ fdisk -l /dev/sda Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 128 1024000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 128 383 2048000 83 Linux Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. This is not a problem and is commonly seen in new systems. (more…)

In earlier systems, passwords were stored in the file /etc/passwd and they were not encrypted. After the user is created, an entry gets recorded in /etc/passwd with 'x' in the second column instead of the acutal password. $ useradd timmy $ cat /etc/passwd timmy:x:1002:1003::/home/timmy:/bin/sh For security reasons, passwords are now stored in the file /etc/shadow and they are encrypted. Password was not set initially, when the user was created. This is indicated by !! mark (in RedHat, ! - Debian) $ cat /etc/shadow timmy:!!:15870:0:99999:7::: (more…)

PEAR should be already installed in the system before configuring the phpseclib channel. PHPSecLib installation is very simple. PHPSecLib is a library of optional PHP extensions which comes in handy if the application were to be packaged as a solution for deployment to the end user. Step 1: Register the channel c:\> pear channel-discover phpseclib.sourceforge.net (more…)

Files created in windows when moved to linux will have ^M character at the end of lines when you open the files in Vi editor. To remove the strange characters open the file in Vi editor and type

:%s/.$// 

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Linux supports many file system types like Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, NFS, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS etc. To find out what type of file systems are mounted in your system, issue the command $ df -T Output from the command

Filesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext4    94088076   9090252  80218356  11% /
udev      devtmpfs     1023536         4   1023532   1% /dev

List the listening ports and check if mysql is listed on it. $ netstat -tln | grep mysql If you cannot find the port number for mysql view my.cnf file to see if you can find the port number. If you see a line "skip-networking" try commenting out the line and then restart mysql daemon. $ vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] set-variable=local-infile=0 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package). old_passwords=1 skip-networking [mysql.server] user=mysql basedir=/var/lib [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $ service mysqld restart